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Test & Measurements
Insulation Tester
An insulation tester, also known as a megohmmeter or a “megger,” is an electrical instrument used to measure the resistance of insulation materials. It is typically used to test the insulation of wires, cables, transformers, motors, and other electrical equipment to ensure that they are operating safely and effectively.
The insulation tester works by applying a high voltage, typically between 250 and 5000 volts DC, to the insulation being tested. The current that flows through the insulation is then measured, and the resistance of the insulation is calculated using Ohm’s law (resistance = voltage / current). The insulation resistance is typically expressed in megaohms (millions of ohms).
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Electrical & Automations
Limit Switches
Limit switches are electromechanical devices that are used to detect the presence or absence of an object or to determine its position relative to a particular point. They are typically used in industrial control systems to detect the end of a mechanical movement or to provide an indication of the position of a moving part.
Limit switches consist of a mechanical lever or plunger that is actuated by the presence or absence of an object, and an electrical switch that is opened or closed by the movement of the lever or plunger. When the object comes into contact with the lever or plunger, it activates the switch, which can then be used to control other devices or systems.
Limit switches are available in a variety of styles, including:
Plunger-style switches, which use a spring-loaded plunger to detect the presence or absence of an object.
Roller-style switches, which use a rolling ball or wheel to detect the presence or absence of an object.
Lever-style switches, which use a pivoting lever to detect the presence or absence of an object.
Proximity switches, which use magnetic or optical sensors to detect the presence or absence of an object without physical contact.
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Electrical & Automations
MCBS/MCCBS
MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers) and MCCBs (Molded Case Circuit Breakers) are both types of electrical circuit breakers that are designed to protect electrical circuits and equipment from damage caused by overcurrent.
The main difference between MCBs and MCCBs lies in their current-carrying capacity and interrupting rating. MCBs are typically rated for lower current capacities (usually up to 100 amps) and have lower interrupting ratings, while MCCBs are designed to handle higher current capacities (up to 2,500 amps or more) and have higher interrupting ratings.
MCCBs also typically have additional features such as adjustable trip settings and more robust construction, making them better suited for heavy-duty industrial and commercial applications.
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Test & Measurements
Multi-Meters
A multi meter, also known as a multi tester or VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is a device used to measure electrical values such as voltage, current, and resistance. Multi meters are essential tools for anyone working with electronics, electrical circuits, or appliances.
There are two main types of multi meters: analogue and digital. Analog multi meters use a needle and a dial to display readings, while digital multi meters display readings on a digital screen. Digital multi meters are more accurate and easier to read, but some people prefer the simplicity and durability of analogue models.
Multi meters typically come with probes that are connected to the device being measured. The red probe is used to measure positive voltage, while the black probe is used to measure negative voltage. To measure current, the probes are placed in series with the circuit being measured. To measure resistance, the probes are placed across the component being measured.
Multi meters can also be used to test for continuity, which is a measure of whether or not a circuit is complete. They can also be used to test for diode polarity and to measure capacitance and frequency.
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Cables & Connectors
PCB Connectors
PCB connectors are electronic components that are specifically designed for use in printed circuit boards (PCBs) to provide a reliable and efficient way to connect and disconnect the PCB to other electronic components or devices.
PCB connectors come in different shapes and sizes, with various mounting options and pin configurations, including surface mount (SMT) and through-hole mount (THT). Some of the common types of PCB connectors include:
Header connectors: These are used to connect a PCB to another PCB or electronic device.
Socket connectors: These are used to receive male pins from another device.
Terminal blocks: These are used to connect wires to a PCB.
Board-to-board connectors: These are used to connect two PCBs together.
Wire-to-board connectors: These are used to connect wires to a PCB.
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Electrical & Automations
PLCs
A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a specialized digital computer that is used to control and automate industrial processes. PLCs are used in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, oil and gas, transportation, and building automation.
PLCs are designed to operate in harsh industrial environments and are capable of handling a wide range of inputs and outputs. They are programmed using specialized software and can be connected to a variety of sensors and actuators, such as switches, relays, motors, and valves.
PLCs typically consist of three main components: a central processing unit (CPU), input/output (I/O) modules, and programming software. The CPU is responsible for executing the program instructions and communicating with the I/O modules. The I/O modules are used to interface with the various sensors and actuators, converting the input signals into a digital format that can be processed by the CPU, and outputting digital signals to control the various actuators.
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Cables & Connectors
Power Connectors
Power connectors are electrical connectors used to connect electrical devices or components to a power source. These connectors come in various shapes and sizes and are designed to accommodate different voltages, currents, and frequencies.
Some common types of power connectors include:
AC power connectors: These connectors are used to connect devices to an AC power source, such as a wall outlet. Examples include the North American NEMA 5-15 plug and socket, the European Schuko plug and socket, and the UK BS 1363 plug and socket.
DC power connectors: These connectors are used to connect devices to a DC power source, such as a battery or power supply. Examples include the barrel connector, the coaxial power connector, and the banana plug.
USB power connectors: These connectors are used to connect devices to a USB port, which can provide power to the device. Examples include the USB-A connector, USB-B connector, and USB-C connector.
Audio power connectors: These connectors are used to connect audio devices to a power source, such as a amplifier or receiver. Examples include the RCA power connector and the XLR power connector.
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Electrical & Automations
Relay
A relay is an electrical component that is used to control a circuit by opening and closing electrical contacts. It consists of an electromagnet, an armature, and a set of contacts. When a current flows through the electromagnet, it generates a magnetic field that attracts the armature, causing it to move and close the contacts.
Relays are used in a wide range of electrical and automation applications, including:
Control systems: Relays are commonly used in control systems to turn equipment on and off. For example, a relay might be used to turn on a motor when a button is pressed.
Protection systems: Relays can be used to protect electrical equipment from damage caused by overloading or other faults. For example, a relay might be used to disconnect a circuit if the current exceeds a certain level.
Signal amplification: Relays can be used to amplify signals by switching a higher voltage or current than is available from the input signal. For example, a relay might be used to switch a high-voltage power supply to an electric motor.
Time-delayed switching: Relays can be used to introduce time delays into circuits. For example, a relay might be used to delay the start of a motor by a few seconds to allow for other equipment to come up to speed first.
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Electrical & Automations
Sensors
Sensors are devices that detect and respond to physical stimuli or changes in the environment, and convert them into electrical signals or data that can be used for further processing or control. In electrical and automation systems, sensors are commonly used to monitor various parameters and provide feedback or inputs to control systems, such as PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers), SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, or DCS (Distributed Control Systems).
There are many types of sensors used in electrical and automation systems, including:
Temperature sensors: used to measure the temperature of a process or equipment, such as RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector), thermocouples, or infrared sensors.
Pressure sensors: used to measure the pressure of fluids or gases, such as piezoelectric, capacitive, or strain gauge sensors.
Flow sensors: used to measure the flow rate of liquids or gases, such as magnetic, ultrasonic, or vortex sensors.
Level sensors: used to measure the level of liquids or solids in a tank or vessel, such as ultrasonic, radar, or capacitive sensors.
Proximity sensors: used to detect the presence or absence of objects, such as photoelectric, inductive, or capacitive sensors.
Position sensors: used to measure the position or displacement of objects, such as linear or rotary encoders, or potentiometers.
Acceleration sensors: used to measure the acceleration or vibration of equipment, such as piezoelectric or MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) sensors.
Humidity sensors: used to measure the relative humidity of the air, such as capacitive or resistive sensors.
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Electrical & Automations
SMPS
SMPS stands for Switched-Mode Power Supply. It is a type of power supply that uses a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. SMPS is used in electronic devices and equipment to convert AC power from a wall outlet into DC power that can be used by electronic circuits.
SMPS works by rapidly switching a power semiconductor on and off at high frequencies, typically between 50 kHz to several hundred kHz. This rapid switching allows for the efficient conversion of electrical power. SMPS typically have a higher efficiency than linear power supplies, which dissipate excess power as heat.
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Cables & Connectors
Terminals/ Lugs
Terminals and lugs are both electrical components that are used to connect wires and cables to electrical equipment, such as circuit breakers, transformers, motors, and generators.
Terminals are small metal connectors that are attached to the ends of wires or cables to facilitate electrical connections. They come in various sizes and shapes, and can be crimped, soldered, or screwed onto the wire or cable.
Lugs, on the other hand, are larger and more robust connectors that are used to connect heavy-duty cables and wires to equipment. They are typically made of copper or aluminium and are designed to handle high currents and voltages. Lugs can be crimped or bolted onto the cable or wire, and they often have holes or studs that allow them to be easily connected to the equipment.
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Mechanical Products & Tools
Tools Kit
A tool kit is a set of tools that are typically used for a specific purpose or task. Tool kits can range from small, basic kits for home repairs or hobbies to large, comprehensive kits for professional use. Tool kits can include a variety of hand tools, power tools, and specialized equipment that are needed for a particular job or trade.
The main use of a tool kit is to provide a convenient and organized way to access the necessary tools for a job. Having a tool kit on hand can save time and effort by eliminating the need to search for individual tools or borrow them from others. Additionally, tool kits can help ensure that the right tools are available for a given task, which can help prevent damage to parts or equipment and improve the quality of the work.
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